THE NATURALIST PAGES:
About midsummer, 1991, I came across a small group of these plants while doing some work in "Cottage Country". At the time I didn't know what they were but their appearance was so strange that it merited some research. My first thought was that it was a strange fungus of some kind to be steered clear-of!
INDIAN PIPE
(Monotropa uniflora)
Indian Pipe
Image copyright 1997-1999, R. L. Curry.
Fortunately I had a copy of the booklet "Wildflowers of Algonquin Provincial Park" and it provided the answer:
The "fungus" turned out to be the "Indian Pipe" plant. A ghostly single-stalked, single-flowered, all-white, plant with a single downward drooping bell-shaped flower (also white). It stood about six inches tall on the shaded forest floor among the dead leaves. As the days passed the flowers turned black and the plants withered away. I expected to see more of them in the same place in the following years but unfortunately none appeared - Ghosts are like that!This is the kind of plant that "once-seen-never-forgotten". It's unique in that it has no chlorophyll and thus its "ghostly" whiteness and the various other names ascribed to it in the references.
I have not studied this plant in any detail. When I decided to add it to the website I was certainly impressed by the number of references I found on the web, and so I am simply going to enumerate a number of them here for you to explore at your leisure. When you've finished you will certainly be able to identify this plant. From the locales of the references, the plant is widespread and should be present in some of Toronto's parks. The references cover many other wildflowers, so if you are interested in the subject, explore!
REFERENCE LINKS: Ghosts of summer Introduction.
Villanova Source page of the introductory photograph.
Rhode Island Wildflowers of Rhode Island.
Blueridge Blue Ridge Parkway wildflowers Lynchburg, Virginia. Complete index at Wildflower Photographs.
Kentucky Wildflowers of Western Kentucky. The picture was actually taken in Jackson county, Illinois.
Herbaceous Herbaceous Plants of the Northwoods - Minnestota.
Mike Baker Plants of the NJ Pine Barrens. More information at Plants and also at The Barrens.
Roadside Roadside woods - Pittsylvania County Schools, Virginia.
Ivy Creek Ivy Creek Natural Area Flowers. Ivy Creek, Virginia.
Photo Credits
R. L. Curry, The home page of Dr. Robert L. Curry of Villanova University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania who provided the photograph that introduces this page (the bird is "RSL-", a 14-year-old male Florida Scrub-Jay that has gotten to know him very well!).
Here's a photo of another Florida Scrub-Jay identified as "-SAY", a 15 year old male.
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